Investigations & syntheses
Long-form, documented and sourced articles connecting discoveries and telling the great transformations of humankind.
In the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain, a simple railway cutting opened Europe's richest prehistoric site. The Sima de los Huesos, the 'pit of bones', yielded the remains of 29 individuals aged 430,000 years, offering a unique window onto humanity before the Neanderthals.
Read more →From Hohle Fels to Willendorf, nearly two hundred female figurines span 30,000 years. Fertility symbols, portraits, ritual objects? The mystery endures.
Read more →Across an emergent Beringia, along the Pacific coast or through an ice-free corridor: how and when did Homo sapiens reach the last continent? From the White Sands footprints to pre-Clovis sites, an inquiry into a story being rewritten.
Read more →Between 15,000 and 40,000 years ago, a wild wolf crossed the invisible threshold that separates fauna from companions. How do palaeogenetics and archaeology reconstruct the birth of humanity's best friend?
Read more →In a cave overlooking the Indian Ocean, researchers found a 73,000-year-old ochre cross-hatch, the oldest known drawing by Homo sapiens. Blombos Cave reveals behavioural modernity far older than Europe's painted caves.
Read more →Now a vast desert, the Arabian Peninsula was repeatedly transformed into lush savanna crossed by lakes and rivers. Footprints 120,000 years old, an Homo sapiens finger bone dating to 88,000 years, and monumental rock engravings 12,800 years old reveal one of humanity's most crucial crossroads.
Read more →Ten thousand years ago, in the Fertile Crescent, groups of hunter-gatherers began cultivating wheat, raising sheep, and building permanent villages. This 'Neolithic Revolution' was to transform humanity from top to bottom — for better and for worse. Full dossier: origins, inventions, key sites and latest discoveries.
Read more →For over a million years, a [[hominide|hominin]] with extraordinary jaws coexisted with the earliest members of our genus across eastern and southern Africa. Paranthropus is not our ancestor, but its fate sheds light on what made Homo a success.
Read more →Discovered in 2003 in Liang Bua cave (Indonesia), Homo floresiensis stood barely a metre tall. Tiny brain, stone tools, hunting of dwarf elephant: this island cousin upends everything we thought we knew about human evolution in South-East Asia.
Read more →About 74,000 years ago, on the island of Sumatra, the Toba volcano produced the largest eruption of the past two million years, nearly 2,800 km³ of magma, a 100-km-long caldera, an ash cloud reaching India. Did this catastrophe nearly wipe out humanity? The story of a spectacular theory, and of its undoing.
Read more →On 24 November 1974, in Ethiopia's Afar, Donald Johanson unearthed a 3.2-million-year-old australopithecine. Lucy forced an unsettling truth: walking upright came long before the big brain.
Read more →Between 2686 and 2160 BCE, Egypt built the pyramids, invented centralised government and reached a peak of power. Then everything collapsed. A complete multi-part feature.
Read more →From Sahelanthropus tchadensis (−7 Ma) to Homo sapiens, the human lineage is not a straight march but a dense bush populated by australopithecines, paranthropus and a dozen Homo species that coexisted, migrated and sometimes interbred. A complete tour of every known species.
Read more →From stooped ape to upright human, in single file: it is the most famous image of human evolution. It is also one of the most misleading. Decoding a stubborn visual myth.
Read more →In 1895, in the Dordogne, a decorated cave proved that prehistoric people had painted and engraved underground. La Mouthe ended years of scepticism and opened the era of cave art.
Read more →From a single finger bone dug up in Siberia, genetics conjured an unknown humanity. Denisovans still live on in the DNA of Asian and Oceanian peoples, and one of their genes now helps Tibetans breathe at altitude.
Read more →At Qafzeh and Skhul, 100,000 years ago, Homo sapiens laid its dead in pits, with ochre and offerings. The origins of the funerary gesture and symbolic thought.
Read more →Emerging from an Alpine glacier in 1991, the Similaun man is the oldest and most thoroughly studied natural mummy on Earth. His skin, tools, last meal and the arrowhead lodged in his back tell of a Copper Age murder.
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